分1初充電
注意：充電環境要有良(liang)好(hao)的通風(feng)條件(jian)，不能(neng)有明火(huo)，否則將會(hui)引起爆炸。
1.1未經使(shi)用的電池在(zai)使(shi)用前應進(jin)行(xing)初(chu)充(chong)電。初(chu)充(chong)電前應將電池表面(mian)擦拭干凈，檢查有(you)無損壞，壓緊螺栓保(bao)證聯接可靠(kao)。
1.2拔(ba)下密(mi)封蓋(gai)換上掀蓋(gai)式液(ye)孔(kong)塞并打開掀蓋(gai)。
1.3在充電(dian)設備能正常工作的(de)條件(jian)下(xia)(xia)將密度(du)為1.260±0.005（25℃）溫(wen)(wen)度(du)小(xiao)(xiao)于30℃的(de)硫酸電(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)灌(guan)入電(dian)池，液(ye)(ye)面高出保(bao)護板(ban)15～25（mm）。為了降低(di)電(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)因化學反應而上升(sheng)的(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)讓電(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)充分滲(shen)入極板(ban)，隔板(ban)孔隙內(nei)，電(dian)池需靜置3～4小(xiao)(xiao)時，不超過8小(xiao)(xiao)時。待液(ye)(ye)溫(wen)(wen)降至35℃以下(xia)(xia)方可進行(xing)初充電(dian)。（必要時可在冷水槽中降溫(wen)(wen)）靜置后液(ye)(ye)面下(xia)(xia)降應補足電(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)。
1.4硫(liu)酸電解(jie)液(ye)是用符合(he)國家標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)GB4554－84的(de)蓄電池硫(liu)酸與蒸餾水(shui)配置而成，切勿用工業硫(liu)酸、自來水(shui)代用。電解(jie)液(ye)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)溫度(du)（25℃）密度(du)按下式(shi)進(jin)行換算。
D25＝Dt＋0.0007(t－25)
式中：D25：25℃時電解液密度。
Dt：t℃時電解液實測密度。
t：測量密度時的電(dian)解液溫度。
1.5擦干濺落在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池表面的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)，將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組的正、負(fu)(fu)極分(fen)別與直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源（充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機）的正、負(fu)(fu)端相接，接通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源；先用18A（第①階(jie)段(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)）充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)至電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓達到28.8V（12×2.4V=28.8V）時(shi)改(gai)用第②階(jie)段(duan)9A電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)繼續充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)溫度不得超過45℃，接近45℃時(shi)應(ying)減半充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)或(huo)暫停(ting)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；待液(ye)溫降至35℃以下再繼續充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。但需適(shi)當延長充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間。
1.6充(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)依(yi)據：在第②階段充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)達31.2V（12×2.6V=31.2V），電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)變化不大于0.005（V）；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液密(mi)度達到1.280±0.005（25℃），2小時(shi)(shi)內(nei)無明顯變化并有細密(mi)氣泡激(ji)烈發(fa)生(sheng)時(shi)(shi)就認為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池已充(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。其充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)為額(e)定容量(liang)的(de)4～５倍，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)約70小時(shi)(shi)。
1.７為了準確控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液中硫酸含量，在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)末期(qi)應(ying)檢查各電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液密度(du)；如有不(bu)符則用蒸餾水或密度(du)為1.40的(de)硫酸進(jin)行調整，并應(ying)在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態下的(de)2小時(shi)內將電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液密度(du)與液面調整至規定值。
1.８初充電(dian)結束(shu)后(hou)將電(dian)池表面擦(ca)干凈，閉上(shang)掀蓋(gai)式液孔塞的(de)掀蓋(gai)，方可投入使用。
2使用和維護
2.1為保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用壽(shou)命(ming)，凡(fan)投入(ru)使用的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)應處于充(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)；充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)足(zu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)不(bu)可使用。使用過(guo)程中應密切注意(yi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)程度，嚴禁過(guo)量放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)——即(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降至1.7V/只（總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降至1.7V×12=20.4V時(shi)(shi)），電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液密度降至1.17時(shi)(shi)應停止放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并(bing)即(ji)時(shi)(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；不(bu)得長(chang)時(shi)(shi)間擱(ge)置(zhi)。該種在使用過(guo)程中需經常進(jin)行的(de)補充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)稱為普通充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。
2.2普通充電(dian)：普通充電(dian)電(dian)流按第(di)一(yi)階段(duan)電(dian)流為26A，第(di)二階段(duan)電(dian)流為13A，充電(dian)方法與初充電(dian)一(yi)樣，充入電(dian)量(liang)為放出電(dian)量(liang)的130～140％，充電(dian)時(shi)間(jian)約15小(xiao)時(shi)左右(you)。
2.3正(zheng)常使用的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)應(ying)避(bi)免過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，但對(dui)下列幾種情況(kuang)的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)必須進行適量過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，即均(jun)衡充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。
a.電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組中的(de)“落后(hou)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)”——指(zhi)充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中電(dian)(dian)壓值低于其它電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)及因故障檢修過(guo)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。（均(jun)衡充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時應將落后(hou)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)正、負極分別與(yu)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源的(de)正、負端相接單獨進行）
b.正常使用(yong)的電池每2～3個月進行(xing)一次均衡充(chong)電。
c.長時間沒(mei)有使用(yong)的電池在使用(yong)前應(ying)進(jin)行均衡充電。
2.4均衡充電：
a.以4A電流進行充電。
b.充電電壓達到31.2V（12×2.6V=31.2V），電液內有氣(qi)泡發生時減半電流（即2A）繼續充電。
c．充至充足電狀態時(shi)停充0.5小時(shi)再用1A電流充電1小時(shi)。
d．再停充0.5小(xiao)時后用1A的電流(liu)充電１小(xiao)時。
e．按d 條重復數(shu)次直至(zhi)充(chong)電(dian)機一合閘，電(dian)池就有氣泡激烈(lie)發生為(wei)止。
3保管與貯存
3.1蓄電池(chi)應放在5～40℃的清(qing)潔(jie)、干燥、通風的倉庫內(nei)，有效貯(zhu)存期為二年。在貯(zhu)存期內(nei)須按下列要求妥善保管。
a.不受陽(yang)光直射，離熱(re)源距離不得(de)少于２m。
b.避(bi)免與任何有害物質(zhi)接觸，任何金屬雜質(zhi)不得掉入電池(chi)內。
c.不準倒置(zhi)，不得受任何機械撞擊或重壓。
d.不允許(xu)帶(dai)電解(jie)(jie)液(ye)貯存，特(te)殊情(qing)況需帶(dai)電解(jie)(jie)液(ye)貯存時應充(chong)足電瓶將(jiang)電解(jie)(jie)液(ye)的密(mi)度與液(ye)面調整(zheng)至規定(ding)值。貯存期滿一個月須按普通充(chong)電方法進行一次(ci)補(bu)充(chong)電
